Clinical Significance

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which exhibits high potency and a broad spectrum bacterial action against both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.  It exhibits a narrow therapeutic index which makes its use hazardous, especially in patients with impaired renal function.  In addition, the dose-serum level profile curve of gentamicin is unpredictable, both in terms of peak-serum levels and elimination half-life from plasma.  Gentamicin is used in the treatment of serious infections involving aminoglycoside-sensitive organisms.  Monitoring gentamicin concentration in serum or plasma, along with careful clinical assessment, is the most effective means of ensuring adequate therapy.