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Test Code PAC1 Paraneoplastic, Autoantibody Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

Reporting Name

Paraneoplas Autoantibody Eval,CSF

Useful For

Aids in the diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurological autoimmune disorders related to carcinoma of lung, breast, ovary, thymoma, or Hodgkin lymphoma in spinal fluid specimens

Performing Laboratory

Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester

Specimen Type

CSF

Specimen Required


Additional Testing Requirements


In patients with a history of tobacco use or other lung cancer risk, or if thymoma is suspected, PAVAL / Paraneoplastic Autoantibody Evaluation, Serum is also recommended.



Necessary Information


Provide the following information:

-Relevant clinical information

-Ordering provider name, phone number, mailing address, and e-mail address



Specimen Required


Container/Tube: Sterile vial

Specimen Volume: 4 mL


Specimen Minimum Volume

2 mL

Testing Algorithm

If indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) pattern suggests antiglial nuclear antibody-1 (AGNA-1) antibody, then AGNA-1 immunoblot is performed at an additional charge.

 

If IFA pattern suggests antineuronal nuclear antibodies (ANNA)-1 antibody, then ANNA-1 immunoblot is performed at an additional charge.

 

If IFA pattern suggests ANNA-2 antibody, then ANNA-2 immunoblot is performed at an additional charge.

 

If IFA pattern suggests Purkinje cytoplasmic antibody (PCA)-1 antibody, then PCA-1 immunoblot is performed at an additional charge.

 

If IFA pattern suggests PCA-Tr antibody, then PCA-Tr immunoblot is performed at an additional charge.

 

If IFA patterns suggest collapsin response-mediator protein (CRMP)-5-IgG, then CRMP-5-IgG Western blot is performed at an additional charge.

 

If IFA patterns suggest glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibody, then GAD65 antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) is performed at an additional charge.

 

If IFA patterns suggest neuronal voltage-gated potassium channel-complex (VGKC) autoantibody, then VGKC-complex antibody RIA is performed at an additional charge.

 

If VGKC-complex antibody RIA result is greater than 0.00 nmol/L, then leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1)-IgG cell-binding assay (CBA) and contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2)-IgG CBA are performed at an additional charge.

 

If IFA patterns suggest amphiphysin antibody, then amphiphysin immunoblot is performed at an additional charge.

 

If IFA pattern suggests N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor, then NMDA-receptor antibody CBA and/or NMDA-receptor antibody IFA titer is performed at an additional charge.

 

If IFA pattern suggests alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-receptor, then AMPA-Receptor antibody CBA and/or AMPA-receptor antibody IFA titer is performed at an additional charge.

 

If IFA pattern suggests gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABA-B)-receptor, then GABA-B-receptor antibody CBA and/or GABA-B-Receptor antibody IFA titer is performed at an additional charge.

 

If IFA pattern suggests dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 antibody (DPPX), then DPPX antibody CBA and DPPX antibody IFA titer is performed at an additional charge.

 

If IFA pattern suggests metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1), then mGluR1 antibody CBA and mGluR1 antibody IFA titer is performed at an additional charge.

 

For more information. the following algorithms are available:

-Paraneoplastic Evaluation Algorithm-Spinal Fluid

-Hereditary Peripheral Neuropathy Diagnostic Algorithm

Specimen Stability Information

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
CSF Refrigerated (preferred) 28 days
  Frozen  28 days
  Ambient  72 hours

Special Instructions

Reference Values

Test ID

Reporting name

Methodology

Reference value

AMPHC

Amphiphysin Ab, CSF

Indirect immunofluorescence (IFA)

<1:2

AGN1C

Anti-Glial Nuclear Ab, Type 1

IFA

<1:2

ANN1C

Anti-Neuronal Nuclear Ab, Type 1

IFA

<1:2

ANN2C

Anti-Neuronal Nuclear Ab, Type 2

IFA

<1:2

ANN3C

Anti-Neuronal Nuclear Ab, Type 3

IFA

<1:2

CRMC

CRMP-5-IgG, CSF

IFA

<1:2

PCTRC

Purkinje Cell Cytoplasmc Ab Type Tr

IFA

<1:2

PCA1C

Purkinje Cell Cytoplasmic Ab Type 1

IFA

<1:2

PCA2C

Purkinje Cell Cytoplasmic Ab Type 2

IFA

<1:2

 

Reflex Information:

Test ID

Reporting name

Methodology

Reference value

AGNBC

AGNA-1 Immunoblot, CSF

Immunoblot (IB)

Negative

AMPCC

AMPA-R Ab CBA, CSF

Cell-binding assay (CBA)

Negative

AMPIC

AMPA-R Ab IF Titer Assay, CSF

IFA

<1:2

AMIBC

Amphiphysin Immunoblot, CSF

IB

Negative

AN1BC

ANNA-1 Immunoblot, CSF

IB

Negative

AN2BC

ANNA-2 Immunoblot, CSF

IB

Negative

CRMWC

CRMP-5-IgG Western Blot, CSF

Western blot (WB)

Negative

CS2CC

CASPR2-IgG CBA, CSF

CBA

Negative

DPPCC

DPPX Ab CBA, CSF

CBA

Negative

DPPIC

DPPX Ab IFA, CSF

IFA

Negative

DPPTC

DPPX Ab IFA Titer, CSF

IFA

<1:2

GABCC

GABA-B-R Ab CBA, CSF

CBA

Negative

GABIC

GABA-B-R Ab IF Titer Assay, CSF

IFA

<1:2

GD65C

GAD65 Ab Assay, CSF

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

≤0.02 nmol/L

LG1CC

LGI1-IgG CBA, CSF

CBA

Negative

GL1CC

mGluR1 Ab CBA, CSF

CBA

Negative

GL1IC

mGluR1 Ab IFA, CSF

IFA

Negative

GL1TC

mGluR1 Ab IFA Titer, CSF

IFA

<1:2

NMDCC

NMDA-R Ab CBA, CSF

CBA

Negative

NMDIC

NMDA-R Ab IF Titer Assay, CSF

IFA

<1:2

PC1BC

PCA-1 Immunoblot, CSF

IB

Negative

PCTBC

PCA-Tr Immunoblot, CSF

IB

Negative

VGKCC

VGKC-complex Ab IPA, CSF

RIA

≤0.02 nmol/L

 

Neuron-restricted patterns of IgG staining that do not fulfill criteria for amphiphysin, ANNA-1, ANNA-2, ANNA-3, AGNA-1, PCA-1, PCA-2, PCA-Tr, or CRMP-5-IgG may be reported as "unclassified antineuronal IgG." Complex patterns that include non-neuronal elements may be reported as "uninterpretable."

 

Note: Titers lower than 1:2 are detectable by recombinant CRMP-5 Western blot analysis. CRMP-5 Western blot analysis will be done on request on stored spinal fluid (held 4 weeks). This supplemental testing is recommended in cases of chorea, vision loss, cranial neuropathy, and myelopathy. Call 800-533-1710 to request CRMP-5 Western blot.

Day(s) Performed

Profile tests: Monday through Sunday; Reflex tests: Varies

Test Classification

This test was developed, and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. This test has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information

86255 x 9

84182-AGNBC (if appropriate)

86255-AMPCC (if appropriate)

86256-AMPIC (if appropriate)

84182-AMIBC (if appropriate)

84182-AN1BC (if appropriate)

84182-AN2BC (if appropriate)

86255-CS2CC (if appropriate)

84182-CRMWC (if appropriate)

86255-DPPCC (if appropriate)

86256-DPPTC (if appropriate)

86255-DPPIC (if appropriate)

86255-GABCC (if appropriate)

86256-GABIC (if appropriate)

86341-GD65C (if appropriate)

86255-LG1CC (if appropriate)

86255-GL1CC (if appropriate)

86256-GL1TC (if appropriate)

86255-GL1IC (if appropriate)

86255-NMDCC (if appropriate)

86256-NMDIC (if appropriate)

84182-PC1BC (if appropriate)

84182-PCTBC (if appropriate)

83519-VGKCC (if appropriate)

LOINC Code Information

Test ID Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
PAC1 Paraneoplas Autoantibody Eval,CSF 94818-2

 

Result ID Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
89079 AGNA-1, CSF 94355-5
5906 Amphiphysin Ab, CSF 94354-8
3852 ANNA-1, CSF 94356-3
7472 ANNA-2, CSF 94357-1
21633 ANNA-3, CSF 94358-9
21650 CRMP-5-IgG, CSF 94706-9
3988 PCA-1, CSF 94363-9
21632 PCA-2, CSF 94364-7
21631 PCA-Tr, CSF 94362-1
34271 Paraneoplastic Interpretation, CSF 69048-7
36429 Reflex Added 77202-0

Clinical Reference

1. Lucchinetti CF, Kimmel DW, Lennon VA: Paraneoplastic and oncological profiles of patients seropositive for type 1 anti-neuronal nuclear antibodies. Neurology. 1998 Mar;50(3):652-657

2. Graus F, Vincent A, Pozo-Rosich P, et al: Anti-glial nuclear antibody: marker of lung cancer-related paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. J Neuroimmunol. 2005 Aug;165(1-2):166-171

3. Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF, Lennon VA: Anti-neuronal nuclear autoantibody type 2: paraneoplastic accompaniments. Ann Neurol. 2003 May;53(5):580-587

4. Chan KH, Vernino S, Lennon VA: ANNA-3 anti-neuronal nuclear antibody: marker of lung cancer-related autoimmunity. Ann Neurol. 2001 Sep;50(3):301-311

5. Hetzel DJ, Stanhope CR, O'Neill BP, Lennon VA: Gynecologic cancer in patients with subacute cerebellar degeneration predicted by anti-Purkinje cell antibodies and limited in metastatic volume. Mayo Clin Proc. 1990 Dec;65(12):1558-1563

6. Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF, Parisi JE, et al: Amphiphysin autoimmunity: paraneoplastic accompaniments. Ann Neurol. 2005 Jul;58(1):96-107

7. McKeon A, Pittock SJ: Paraneoplastic encephalomyelopathies: pathology and mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol. 2011 Oct;122(4):381-400

8. Horta ES, Lennon VA, Lachance DH, et al: Neural autoantibody clusters aid diagnosis of cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Jul 15;20(14):3862-3869

Method Description

Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA):

The patient's sample is tested by a standardized IFA that uses a composite frozen section of mouse cerebellum, kidney, and gut tissues. After incubation with sample and washing, fluorescein-conjugated goat-antihuman IgG is applied. Neuron-specific autoantibodies are identified by their characteristic fluorescence staining patterns. Samples that are scored positive for any neuronal nuclear or cytoplasmic autoantibody are titrated to an endpoint.

 

Interference by coexisting non-neuron-specific autoantibodies can usually be eliminated by serologic absorption.(Honorat JA, Komorowski L, Josephs KA, et al: IgLON5 antibody: Neurological accompaniments and outcomes in 20 patients. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2017 Jul 18;4(5):e385. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000385689)

 

Western Blot:

Neuronal antigens extracted aqueously from adult rat cerebellum, full-length recombinant human collapsin response-mediator protein-5 (CRMP-5), or full-length recombinant human amphiphysin protein is denatured, reduced, and separated by electrophoresis on 10% polyacrylamide gel. IgG is detected autoradiographically by enhanced chemiluminescence.(Yu Z, Kryzer TJ, Griesmann GE, Kim K, Benarroch EE, Lennon VA: CRMP-5 neuronal autoantibody: marker of lung cancer and thymoma-related autoimmunity. Ann Neurol. 2001 Feb;49[2]:146-154; Dubey D, Jitprapaikulsan J, Bi H, et al: Amphiphysin-IgG autoimmune neuropathy: A recognizable clinicopathologic syndrome. Neurology. 2019 Nov 12;93(20):e1873-e1880)

 

Immunoblot (IB):

All steps are performed at ambient temperature (18-28° C) utilizing the EUROBlot One instrument. Diluted patient serum (1:12.5) is added to test strips (strips containing recombinant antigen manufactured and purified using biochemical methods) in individual channels and incubated for 30 minutes. Positive specimens will bind to the purified recombinant antigen and negative specimens will not bind. Strips are washed to remove unbound antibodies and then incubated with anti-human IgG antibodies (alkaline phosphatase-labelled) for 30 minutes. The strips are again washed to remove unbound anti-human IgG antibodies and nitroblue tetrazolium chloride/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate (NBT/BCIP) substrate is added. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme converts the soluble substrate into a colored insoluble product on the membrane to produces a black band. Strips are digitized via picture capture on the EUROBlot One instrument and evaluated with the EUROLineScan software.(O'Connor K, Waters P, Komorowski L, et al: GABAA receptor autoimmunity: A multicenter experience. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2019 Apr 4;6[3]:e552. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000552)

 

Radioimmunoassay (RIA):

Duplicate aliquots of patient specimen are incubated with I(125)-labeled antigen. Immune complexes, formed by adding secondary (goat) antihuman immunoglobulin, are pelleted by centrifugation and washed. Gamma emission from the washed pellet is counted, and mean counts per minute (cpm) are compared with results yielded by high positive and negative control sera. Specimen yielding cpm higher than the background cpm yielded by normal human specimen are retested to confirm positivity and titrated as necessary to obtain a value in the linear range of the assay. The antigen binding capacity (nmol per liter) is calculated from the cpm precipitated at a dilution yielding a linear range value.(Vernino S, Kryzer TJ, Lennon AV: Autoimmune autonomic neuropathy and neuromuscular hyperexcitability disorders. In: Rose NR, Hamilton RG, Detrick B, eds. Manual of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology. 6th ed. ASM Press; 2002:1013-1017; Jones AL, Flanagan EP, Pittock SJ, et al: Responses to and Outcomes of Treatment of Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxia in Adults. JAMA Neurol. 2015 Nov;72[11]:1304-1312. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.2378)

 

Cell-Binding Assay (CBA):

Patient serum is applied to a composite slide containing transfected and nontransfected HEK-293 cells. After incubation and washing, fluorescein-conjugated goat-antihuman IgG is applied to detect the presence of patient IgG binding.(Package insert: IIFT: Neurology Mosaics, Instructions for the indirect immunofluorescence test. EUROIMMUN; FA_112d-1_A_UK_C13, 02/2019)

Report Available

5 to 10 days

Reject Due To

Gross hemolysis Reject
Gross lipemia Reject
Gross icterus Reject

Method Name

AGN1C, AMPHC, AMPIC, ANN1C, ANN2C, ANN3C, CRMC, DPPIC, DPPTC, GABIC, GL1IC, GL1TC, NMDIC, PCA1C, PCA2C, PCTRC: Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA)

 

CRMWC: Western Blot

AGNBC, AMIBC, AN1BC, AN2BC, PC1BC, PCTBC: Immunoblot (IB)

 

GD65C, VGKCC: Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

 

AMPCC, CS2CC, DPPCC, GABCC, GL1CC, LG1CC, NMDCC: Cell-Binding Assay (CBA)

Forms

If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Neurology Specialty Testing Client Test Request (T732) with the specimen.

Profile Information

Test ID Reporting Name Available Separately Always Performed
PNEOI Paraneoplastic Interpretation, CSF No Yes
AMPHC Amphiphysin Ab, CSF No Yes
AGN1C Anti-Glial Nuclear Ab, Type 1 No Yes
ANN1C Anti-Neuronal Nuclear Ab, Type 1 No Yes
ANN2C Anti-Neuronal Nuclear Ab, Type 2 No Yes
ANN3C Anti-Neuronal Nuclear Ab, Type 3 No Yes
CRMC CRMP-5-IgG, CSF No Yes
PCTRC Purkinje Cell Cytoplasmc Ab Type Tr No Yes
PCA1C Purkinje Cell Cytoplasmic Ab Type 1 No Yes
PCA2C Purkinje Cell Cytoplasmic Ab Type 2 No Yes

Reflex Tests

Test ID Reporting Name Available Separately Always Performed
AGNBC AGNA-1 Immunoblot, CSF No No
AMPCC AMPA-R Ab CBA, CSF No No
AMPIC AMPA-R Ab IF Titer Assay, CSF No No
AMIBC Amphiphysin Immunoblot, CSF No No
AN1BC ANNA-1 Immunoblot, CSF No No
AN2BC ANNA-2 Immunoblot, CSF No No
CS2CC CASPR2-IgG CBA, CSF No No
CRMWC CRMP-5-IgG Western Blot, CSF Yes No
DPPCC DPPX Ab CBA, CSF No No
DPPTC DPPX Ab IFA Titer, CSF No No
DPPIC DPPX Ab IFA, CSF No No
GABCC GABA-B-R Ab CBA, CSF No No
GABIC GABA-B-R Ab IF Titer Assay, CSF No No
GD65C GAD65 Ab Assay, CSF Yes No
LG1CC LGI1-IgG CBA, CSF No No
GL1CC mGluR1 Ab CBA, CSF No No
GL1TC mGluR1 Ab IFA Titer, CSF No No
GL1IC mGluR1 Ab IFA, CSF No No
NMDCC NMDA-R Ab CBA, CSF No No
NMDIC NMDA-R Ab IF Titer Assay, CSF No No
PC1BC PCA-1 Immunoblot, CSF No No
PCTBC PCA-Tr Immunoblot, CSF No No
VGKCC VGKC-complex Ab IPA, CSF No No

Secondary ID

37430